According to the WEF’s annual Global Gender Gap Index, which assesses 156 countries and measures gender-based inequalities in different areas, Türkiye ranks 124th in gender equality, and 134th in women’s economic participation and economic opportunities for women among 156 countries in 2022. These results confirm that gender inequality exists in all areas of life and leads to various problems and challenges for women in the worklife.
Additionally, existing multiple forms of discrimination, such as age, ethnicity, economic and social status, literacy, language, education, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, rural residence, and migration status, further exacerbate the victims of gender equality. Consequently, they are disproportionately and more severely impacted by the adverse effects of business activities.
Challenges faced by women include discrimination in the workplace, less pay for the same work, glass ceiling syndrome, difficulty in accessing justice and remedy mechanisms, workplace harassment and mobbing. For women workers at the bottom of the supply chain, these problems are compounded by informal employment, precarious working conditions, social and economic insecurity, being seen as cheap and flexible labour, and poverty.