Türkiye hosts more than 3.4 million registered Syrians, nearly half of them children, as part of its open-door policy following the Syrian civil war, welcoming refugees and migrants also from countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq. The harsh realities of the current economic recession and rising inflation in Türkiye exacerbate the already difficult working conditions of Syrian refugees and migrants, who often work in low-paid and precarious jobs, without social security and legal protection. With the impact of economic hardship, the increasing demand for informal labour in Türkiye and the potentially exploitative working conditions of refugee and migrant workers pose risks of forced labour and modern slavery, especially in sectors such as textiles and agriculture, where migrant workers are predominantly located.
Furthermore, the devastating earthquakes that struck Türkiye in February 2023 added another layer of complexity, with heavily earthquake-affected cities facing exacerbated challenges, particularly for migrant workers.