{"id":4684,"date":"2024-07-24T05:23:20","date_gmt":"2024-07-24T05:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bhrtr.org\/?p=4684"},"modified":"2026-04-22T16:28:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T16:28:52","slug":"turkiyes-ai-bill-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bhrtr.org\/en\/2024\/07\/24\/turkiyes-ai-bill-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The New EU AI Act and T\u00fcrkiye’s AI Bill"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”none” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”rgba(178,108,102,0.38)” bg_image=”4685″ bg_position=”left top” background_image_loading=”default” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” zindex=”1″ overflow=”visible” advanced_gradient_angle=”0″ overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”5px” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”static” advanced_gradient_angle=”0″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” gradient_type=”default” column_padding_type=”default”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” top_padding=”13%” bottom_padding=”11%” left_padding_desktop=”20%” constrain_group_2=”yes” right_padding_desktop=”20%” top_padding_tablet=”30%” bottom_padding_tablet=”25%” left_padding_phone=”12%” constrain_group_6=”yes” right_padding_phone=”12%” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” centered_text=”true” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color=”rgba(163,163,163,0.47)” background_color_opacity=”0.8″ background_color_hover=”rgba(170,170,170,0.01)” background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” advanced_gradient_angle=”0″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” gradient_type=”default” column_padding_type=”default”][nectar_highlighted_text scribble_color=”#ffffff” style=”scribble” scribble_shape=”squiggle-underline-2″ scribble_thickness=”thin” scribble_speed=”1.8s” scribble_easing=”ease_in_out” custom_font_size=”6vw” font_size_phone=”8vw” text_direction=”default”]\n

T\u00fcrkiye’s first AI Bill has been proposed to the Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye!<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/nectar_highlighted_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][divider line_type=”No Line”][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s AI Bill:<\/b>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]The bill stipulates mandatory principles to ensure AI\u2019s safe, ethical and fair usage. It includes guidelines to make sure human rights are respected within the rapid development and accelerating practice of AI. The proposal states that the bill is applicable to;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  • Providers<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Deployers<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Importers<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Distributors<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Individuals affected by AI systems<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Although the EU AI Act and T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s bill both aim to uphold human rights through introducing a risk-based approach on AI operations, differences may be listed concerning definitions, high risk classification and penalties.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/td>\nEU AI Act<\/b><\/td>\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019s AI Bill<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Definition of AI<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
      \n
    • Machine-based system\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • May exhibit adaptiveness after deployment<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Infers how to generate outputs such as content, predictions and recommendations<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Can influence physical or virtual environments<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
      \n
    • Computer-based system<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Human-like cognitive functions\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Abilities such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, perception and language understanding<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Scope<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    Providers and distributors include:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Natural or legal persons<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Public authority<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Agency or other body<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n

    Providers and distributors include:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Natural or legal persons<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Levels of Risk<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
      \n
    • Precise explanations of high-risk AI classification in line with the principle of legal certainty<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Precise explanations of precautions to be taken against high-risk AI<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
      \n
    • No explanations of high-risk AI classification<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Special precautions must to be taken against high-risk AI systems without defining the term \u201cspecial\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sanctions<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
      \n
    • Fines ranging from 7.5 million EUR to 35 million EUR\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0or<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Fines ranging from 1% of annual turnover to 7% of annual turnover.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
      \n
    • Fines ranging from 7.5 million TL to 35 million TL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0or<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Fines ranging from 1.5% of annual turnover to 7% of annual turnover.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]\n

        Human Rights Impacts of the Bill<\/b><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]\n
          \n
        • Upholding the <\/span>right to security<\/b> by ensuring reliability, durability and safety of the systems and identifying potential dangers and preventing them in advance.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Establishing <\/span>transparency<\/b> in AI decision-making processes by providing comprehensive explanations on functioning of AI systems and criterias upheld in decision-making.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \n
          • Acknowledging <\/span>prohibition of discrimination <\/b>to provide fair AI systems that do not automatically generate responses based on factors such as gender, age, race, religion, ethnicity and treat all individuals equally.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
            • Attaining accountability to those responsible for adverse human rights impacts to address the right<\/span> to effective remedy <\/b>for affected individuals and communities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
              • Protection of the <\/span>right to private life <\/b>through establishing necessary measures to ensure<\/span> confidentiality and delimit the usage of personal data.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]Rise of AI from the Perspective of Business and Human Rights<\/b><\/p>\n

                Utilisation of AI systems has emerged as rapid and innovative technological development following the endorsement of UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (<\/span>UNGPs<\/b>).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                The implementation of the UNGPs, which encompass three pillars of the State’s duty to protect human rights, the corporate responsibility to respect human rights, and the provision of access to remedies for victims, must be tailored to the specific characteristics of AI systems due to the unpredictability and ambiguity of traditional roles within the supply chain, where the functions of suppliers, producers, and consumers often overlap and intertwine.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text text_direction=”default”]Integrating Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence and Stakeholder Engagement<\/b><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. To fulfil the state\u2019s duty to protect human rights under UNGPs, states should ensure companies carry out a human rights and environmental due diligence (<\/span>HREDD<\/b>) process as part of their obligation to respect human rights by creating the necessary legislation. This process includes a system for risk management and reporting, which involves conducting regular risk assessments and implementing grievance mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n
                2. Furthermore, as stakeholder engagement is vital in HREDD, states should have effective open communication with AI operators and other stakeholders\u00a0 such as NGOs and human rights defenders while creating new legislation to evaluate and mitigate AI’s impacts on individuals and communities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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